<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2542-3371</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Iustitia Socialis. Revista Arbitrada de Ciencias Jurídicas y Criminalísticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Iustitia Socialis]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2542-3371</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Koinonía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2542-33712025000100151</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35381/racji.v10i18.4374</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of carbon bonds regulatory framework and indigenous rights in Andean countries]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis del marco regulatorio de bonos de carbono y los derechos indígenas en países andinos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimes-Becerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny Marlene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Quezada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Génesis Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campaña-Chaglla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jimena Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo Domingo Santo Domingo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guayaquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil Guayas]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo Domingo Santo Domingo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Zaragoza  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Zaragoza Zaragoza]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>169</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://hml-ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2542-33712025000100151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://hml-ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2542-33712025000100151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://hml-ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2542-33712025000100151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This study presents a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework and implementation of carbon bonds in the member countries of the Andean Community of Nations, CAN (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia). The research identifies distinctive patterns in the regulations of each member country. Through social events analysis (lawsuits, popular consultations and protests), common challenges are identified, especially regarding prior consultation with indigenous peoples. The study concludes that, despite different national approaches, there is significant potential for regional cooperation and harmonization of standards while respecting human rights. The development of common protocols and the implementation of transparent registration and monitoring systems are recommended. This research contributes to understanding regional dynamics in carbon market development, facilitating more effective participation in them.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este estudio presenta un análisis comparativo del marco regulatorio y la implementación de bonos de carbono en los países miembros de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, CAN (Colombia, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia). La investigación identifica patrones distintivos en las normativas de cada país miembro. A través del análisis de hechos sociales (juicios, consultas populares y protestas), se identifican desafíos comunes, especialmente en lo referente a la consulta previa a pueblos indígenas. El estudio concluye que, a pesar de las diferentes aproximaciones nacionales, existe un potencial significativo para la cooperación regional y la armonización de estándares, mientras se respetan los derechos humanos. Se recomienda el desarrollo de protocolos comunes y la implementación de sistemas transparentes de registro y seguimiento. Esta investigación contribuye a la comprensión de las dinámicas regionales en el desarrollo de mercados de carbono, facilitando una participación más efectiva en los mismos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean Community of Nations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate justice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[REDD+]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon markets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Derechos humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Comunidad Andina de Naciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[justicia climática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[REDD+]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercados de carbono]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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